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Agriecological
Problems
The agrarian policy of Azerbaijan is directed on creation of conditions
for development of agricultural manufacture up to level, sufficient
for complete satisfaction by own production of needs of the population
and an industry, and also increase an export potential and fastenings
in the external markets of agricultural production and raw material.
The transition during agrarian reform from large state and collective
farms to set fine personal both co-operative farms and producing
units has much complicated problem of the estimation and restriction
of influence of agriculture on the environment. It is expected increasing
of application of mineral fertilizers and pesticide, and also water
consumption in comparison with an existing level, that largely lifts
a level of ecological and energy-resource crisis in this basic sphere
of life-support. For prevention of this tendency it is necessary
to carry out adaptive intensification of agricultural manufacture,
based on ecologization and biologization production and mediaformation
processes in agriecosystems and agrilandscape and proposed interconnected
and simultaneous functioning of economic and ecological categories,
criteria and specifications.
The
influence of antropogenic action on efficiency of ground is significant.
The important factor is application of chemicals for destruction
of insects and weeds, and also for mineral fertilizers for increase
of productivity. On data 1989 in Azerbaijan  agriculture
was applied more than 40 thousand tons pesticides, about 80 names.They
can be divided into 3 groups:
1) Clorineorganic compounds - collect in ground, in production of
vegetative and animal origin;
2) Phosphororganic compounds - advantage of this group of connections
is rather low stability in an environment;
3) Mercury-organic compound - differenced high volatile and stability.
Pairs of mercury, precipitating on walls of warehouses, building
designs, racks and etc., will form sources of secondary pollution
of air pesticide, creating danger of a poisoning, especially at
storage.
Notwithstanding,
after disintegration of Soviet Union the pesticides application
much decreased, the saved concentration of chemicals in ground remains
above much than allowable norm. As a result of industrial and agricultural
activity of people on the territory of country was formed 31 thousands
ha of the polluted areas of ground. 12 thousand ha from them is
polluted by petroleum, 10 thousand hà by chemical products,
5600 ha by wastes of construction channels, 1600 ha by stone gallop
and etc. From ecological point of view the greatest damage is put
Absheron peninsula as a result of development of the oil industry.
During the tame of development of oil industry up to 20 thousand
ha of ground is polluted by oil wastes, and on the 7 thousand ha
of ground the oil layer with thickness of 2.5-20 cm was formed.
Annually about 45 mln tone of drilling waters are thrown out on
Absheron peninsula. Increasing of the level of underground waters
on 1.5 meter and the achievement up to 7 m of depth has also affected
to ecological conditions of peninsula. At that moment about 1.2
mln ha of ground are salted because of misuse. 2.7 mln of the area
pasture because of intensive use subject of erode.
The most serious agriecological problem in Azerbaijan is connected
with degradation of ground resources and their pollution by chemicals,
pesticide, gerbicide, intekside, mineral fertilizers, etc. The problems
of ground degradation were considered in section
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