Ecological problems of the oil industry

Azerbaijan since 1994 enters to the new stage of development of the oil industry. In connection with the signing of the international oil contracts, annual volume of oil extracting will increase from 8-9 mln. tons (1990-1998) up to 60-65 mln. tons (2007-2010). In 21 contracts participate more than 40 oil companies from 20 countries. General planned volume of production exceeds 2.0 mld. tons. It is necessary to note, that from the beginning of development of oil deposits Azerbaijan for 130 years have extracted total 1.35 billion tons of oil. As a result only on Absheron peninsula was formed more than 14 thousand ha of oil lakes and territories polluted with oil. Annually to the environment was dumped 45 mln tons of waste waters and more than 300 thousand tons of harmful gases. Long natural filtration of chisel waters on old oil deposits have collected radionucleids and the radiating background on local sites has exceeded allowable norm in tens, and sometimes in the hundred time.
Objects of the oil industry - chink, the pump stations, energy system, reservoir parks and others are sources of air pollution by hydrocarbons, oxides of nitrogen, carbon and sulfur, hydrogen-sulfide and etc. The large capacities of manufacture emissions from these sources can result in significant deterioration of the ecological condition of air environment and it can in turn cause mass diseases of the population, decrease of productivity of ground, wreck of bio resources and etc.
The oil industry throws out a significant part (37-40 %) of total quantity of harmful substances into atmosphere.

Table 1

Emissions	1995	1996	1997	1998
Total	601,6	271,5	287,3	248,6
Solid	0,6	0,57	0,9	1,3
Gases and liquids	601,0	270,9	286,3	247,3
SO2	1,67	2,71	8,79	8,21
CO	12,5	14,45	8,44	9,30
NOx	3,55	4,66	5,02	5,40
RH	576,8	240,6	254,13	216,2
VOC	5,89	7,8	9,25	7,8
Others	0,54	0,58	0,20	0,4

     From the beginning of 90's the tendency of reduction of total emissions of harmful substances from the petroleum industry in connection with reduction of volume of processing Kazakhstan oil is available. Taking into consideration planned development of manufacture and processing of petroleum, the share of a petroleum industry in pollution of air will grow.
Sources of outflows in the environment from the petroleum industry are processes of drilling (chisel solutions), production of petroleum (especially from old chinks), transportation (washing of pumps) and oil processing (products of primary clearing of petroleum, slime and etc.

Table 2
    The contribution of oil industry in air pollution by stationary sources   

 The wastes of the oil industry (fulfilled catalysts, slimes, the oil rests, paraffin wastes of transportation of oil and etc.) will be formed practically in all stages (investigation, production, preparation, transportation and processing) of oil industry.